| Study | Detail |
Error Rate
|
| Galletta, et al. [1993] | Percentage of errors not found during code inspections. 12 errors total. Expert spreadsheet developers with 250 hours or more of spreadsheet development. Mean 1,548 hours (median 925). No better than novices but worked faster. |
57%
|
| Galletta, et al. [1993] | Percentage of errors not found during code inspections. 12 errors total. Novice spreadsheet developers with 100 hours or less of spreadsheet development. Mean 54 hours (median 44) |
55%
|
| Grudin [1983] | Typing errors per character transcribing magazine text subjects told not to detect errors, although some did. | |
| Six expert typists (0.4% to 1.9%%) |
1%
|
|
| Eight novice typists |
3.2%
|
|
| Hayes, et al. [1985] | Errors detected in problem-ridden text. Ratio of number of errors detected by expert writers to the number of errors detected by novices. |
1.6
|
| Ledgard [1980] | Percent of erroneous commands with text editor. | |
| Inexperienced (N=8) English-like editor / Notational editor |
11%, 19%
|
|
| Familiar (N=8) English-like editor / Notational editor |
6.9%, 18%
|
|
| Experienced (N=8) English-like editor / Notational editor |
5.6%, 9.9%
|
|
| Total sample |
7.8%, 16%
|
|
| Lesgold, et al. [1988] | Diagnosing X-Ray pictures. Number of findings | |
| Residents: 1st and 2nd year |
6.56
|
|
| Residents: 3d and 4th year |
6.63
|
|
| Experts |
9.09
|
|
| Panko & Sprague [1998] | Subjects developed a spreadsheet model based on simple task requiring almost no domain knowledge. Cell error rate (CER). The percentage of cells containing errors. | |
| 102 Undergraduate MIS majors |
2.2%
|
|
| 26 MBA students with little or no spreadsheet development experience |
2.3%
|
|
| 17 MBA students with more than 250 hours of spreadsheet development experience |
1.1%
|
|
| Reisner [1975] | Percentage of query specifications with errors on final exam. Looking at specific types of errors, experts had much lower error rates for some types, only slighlty lower error rates for other types. | |
| SEQUEL language, Programmers |
22%
|
|
| SEQUEL language, Novices |
35%
|
|
| SQUARE language, Programmers |
22%
|
|
| SQUARE language, Novices |
45%
|